History of C++ | C++ Program Structure | Firat C++ program | How to write a C++ program | First hello word program in C++ | My CS Tutorial
C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, free-form programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.
C++ is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-
level and low-level language features.
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New
Jersey, as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with Classes but later it was renamed C++ in 1983.
C++ is a superset of C, and that virtually any legal C program is a legal C++ program.
DETAILS OF CONTENT IN THIS POST
(i) History or evolution of C++
(ii) Object oriented programming
(iii) C++ Compiler
(iv) C++ Program
(v) C++ Program Structure
(vi) Compile & Execute C++ Program
(vii) Semicolons & Blocks in C++
C++ fully supports object-oriented programming, including the four pillars of object-oriented
development:-
(i) Encapsulation
(ii) Data hiding
(iii) Inheritance
(iv) Polymorphism
This is an actual C++ compiler, which will be used to compile your source code into final
executable program.
Most C++ compilers don't care what extension you give to your source code, but if you don't
specify otherwise, many will use .cpp by default.
Most frequently used and free available compiler is GNU C/C++ and turbo C++ compiler, otherwise you can have compilers either from HP or Solaris if you have the respective Operating Systems.
When we consider a C++ program, it can be defined as a collection of objects that communicate via invoking each other's methods. Let us now briefly look into what a class, object, methods, and instant variables mean.
(i) Object - Objects have states and behaviors. Example: A dog has states - color, name, breed as well as behaviors - wagging, barking, and eating. An object is an instance of a class.
(ii) Class - A class can be defined as a template/blueprint that describes the behaviors/states that object of its type support.
(iii) Methods - A method is basically a behavior. A class can contain many methods. It is
in methods where the logics are written, data is manipulated and all the actions are
executed.
(iv) Instant Variables - Each object has its unique set of instant variables. An object's
state is created by the values assigned to these instant variables.
A simple code that would print the words Hello World.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// main() is where program execution begins.
int main()
{
cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World
return 0;
}
various parts of the above program:-
1. The C++ language defines several headers, which contain information that is either
necessary or useful to your program. For this program, the header <iostream> is
needed.
2. The line using namespace std; tells the compiler to use the std namespace.
Namespaces are a relatively recent addition to C++.
3. The next line ‘// main() is where program execution begins.’ is a single-line comment available in C++. Single-line comments begin with // and stop at the end of the line.
4. The line int main() is the main function where program execution begins.
5. The next line cout << "This is my first C++ program."; causes the message "This is my first C++ program" to be displayed on the screen.
"
"
6. The next line return 0; terminates main() function and causes it to return the value 0 to the calling process.
Let's look at how to save the file, compile and run the program. Please follow the steps given below:-
1. Open a text editor and add the code as above.
2. Save the file as: hello.cpp
3. Open a command prompt and go to the directory where you saved the file.
4. Type 'g++ hello.cpp' and press enter to compile your code. If there are no errors in your code the command prompt will take you to the next line and would generate a.out executable file.
5. Now, type 'a.out' to run your program.
6. You will be able to see ' Hello World ' printed on the window.
In C++, the semicolon is a statement terminator. That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one logical entity.
For example, following are three different statements:-
x = y;
y = y+1;
add(x, y);
A block is a set of logically connected statements that are surrounded by opening and closing
braces. For example:-
{
cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World
return 0;
}
C++ does not recognize the end of the line as a terminator. For this reason, it does not matter where you put a statement in a line. For example:-
x = y;
y = y+1;
add(x, y);
is the same as
x = y; y = y+1; add(x, y);
Compiler for C++ | evolution of C++ | semicolons and blocks in c++ | Program structure of c++ | object oriented programming(OOPs) in C++ | My CS Tutorial
_______________________________________
 |
| First c++ program | My CS Tutorial |
History or evolution of C++
C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, free-form programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.
C++ is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-
level and low-level language features.
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New
Jersey, as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with Classes but later it was renamed C++ in 1983.
C++ is a superset of C, and that virtually any legal C program is a legal C++ program.
DETAILS OF CONTENT IN THIS POST
(i) History or evolution of C++
(ii) Object oriented programming
(iii) C++ Compiler
(iv) C++ Program
(v) C++ Program Structure
(vi) Compile & Execute C++ Program
(vii) Semicolons & Blocks in C++
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
C++ fully supports object-oriented programming, including the four pillars of object-oriented
development:-
(i) Encapsulation
(ii) Data hiding
(iii) Inheritance
(iv) Polymorphism
C++ COMPILER
This is an actual C++ compiler, which will be used to compile your source code into final
executable program.
Most C++ compilers don't care what extension you give to your source code, but if you don't
specify otherwise, many will use .cpp by default.
Most frequently used and free available compiler is GNU C/C++ and turbo C++ compiler, otherwise you can have compilers either from HP or Solaris if you have the respective Operating Systems.
C++ PROGRAM
When we consider a C++ program, it can be defined as a collection of objects that communicate via invoking each other's methods. Let us now briefly look into what a class, object, methods, and instant variables mean.
(i) Object - Objects have states and behaviors. Example: A dog has states - color, name, breed as well as behaviors - wagging, barking, and eating. An object is an instance of a class.
(ii) Class - A class can be defined as a template/blueprint that describes the behaviors/states that object of its type support.
(iii) Methods - A method is basically a behavior. A class can contain many methods. It is
in methods where the logics are written, data is manipulated and all the actions are
executed.
(iv) Instant Variables - Each object has its unique set of instant variables. An object's
state is created by the values assigned to these instant variables.
C++ PROGRAM STRUCTURE
A simple code that would print the words Hello World.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// main() is where program execution begins.
int main()
{
cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World
return 0;
}
various parts of the above program:-
1. The C++ language defines several headers, which contain information that is either
necessary or useful to your program. For this program, the header <iostream> is
needed.
2. The line using namespace std; tells the compiler to use the std namespace.
Namespaces are a relatively recent addition to C++.
3. The next line ‘// main() is where program execution begins.’ is a single-line comment available in C++. Single-line comments begin with // and stop at the end of the line.
4. The line int main() is the main function where program execution begins.
5. The next line cout << "This is my first C++ program."; causes the message "This is my first C++ program" to be displayed on the screen.
"
"
6. The next line return 0; terminates main() function and causes it to return the value 0 to the calling process.
COMPILE & EXECUTE C++ PROGRAM
Let's look at how to save the file, compile and run the program. Please follow the steps given below:-
1. Open a text editor and add the code as above.
2. Save the file as: hello.cpp
3. Open a command prompt and go to the directory where you saved the file.
4. Type 'g++ hello.cpp' and press enter to compile your code. If there are no errors in your code the command prompt will take you to the next line and would generate a.out executable file.
5. Now, type 'a.out' to run your program.
6. You will be able to see ' Hello World ' printed on the window.
SEMICOLONS & BLOCKS IN C++
In C++, the semicolon is a statement terminator. That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one logical entity.
For example, following are three different statements:-
x = y;
y = y+1;
add(x, y);
A block is a set of logically connected statements that are surrounded by opening and closing
braces. For example:-
{
cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World
return 0;
}
C++ does not recognize the end of the line as a terminator. For this reason, it does not matter where you put a statement in a line. For example:-
x = y;
y = y+1;
add(x, y);
is the same as
x = y; y = y+1; add(x, y);
Compiler for C++ | evolution of C++ | semicolons and blocks in c++ | Program structure of c++ | object oriented programming(OOPs) in C++ | My CS Tutorial
_______________________________________
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Created by-- HARSH CHAUHAN
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